{"id":363,"date":"2013-07-02T11:32:52","date_gmt":"2013-07-02T11:32:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/?p=363"},"modified":"2013-07-04T02:38:29","modified_gmt":"2013-07-04T02:38:29","slug":"linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8_sandbox","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/?p=363","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168_Sandbox"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sandbox\u6c99\u7bb1\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5219\u662f\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6c99\u7bb1\u6280\u672f\u5219\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u672a\u7ecf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6c99\u7bb1\u6740\u6bd2\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6c99\u7bb1\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u865a\u62df\u5316\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u662f\u5bf9\u5ba2\u6237\u662f\u900f\u660e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u964d\u6743\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u964d\u6743\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0csandbox\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u6c99\u7bb1\u673a\u5236\u7ed3\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u4ece\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u6253\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u9632\u5fa1\u5230\u7eb5\u6df1\u9632\u5fa1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u7eb5\u6df1\u9632\u5fa1\u6709\u516d\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

1 \u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7f16\u7801(Secure Code)\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n

2 \u5e94\u7528\u6280\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7f13\u89e3\u6280\u672f\uff08Application-level exploitation\uff09\uff08SSP,relro\uff09<\/p>\n

3 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7f13\u89e3\u6280\u672f\uff08System-level exploit mitigation\uff09(ASLR,NX),<\/p>\n

4 \u964d\u6743\u5904\u7406\uff08Privilege Dropping\uff09\uff08Sandboxing\uff09<\/p>\n

5 \u5f3a\u5236\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\uff08Mandatory access control\uff09\uff08MAC\uff0cSELinux\uff09<\/p>\n

6 \u66f4\u65b0\u7b56\u7565(Update strategy)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u81ea\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 MMU\u786c\u4ef6\u5f3a\u5236\u5206\u79bb\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3 \u5185\u6838\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42(kernel\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u62e5\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6743\u9650\u8fb9\u754c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5 root\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u81f3\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6 \u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236DAC\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u8fdb\u7a0bA\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u6743\u80fd\u6bd4\u8fdb\u7a0bB\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u591a\uff0c\u5219A\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97B\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8d44\u6e90<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 root\u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u662f\u7279\u6743\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 2\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5982\u679c\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684uid,\u548cgid\u3002\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3 \u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540cuids\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

\n

\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u6743\u9650\u7684\u5206\u79bb<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 \u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5c06\u5185\u90e8\u7279\u6743\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u79bb\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09\u5982NaCI,SECCOMP Sandbox<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 Debugging<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5982\u679cA\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5Ptrace()B,\u90a3\u4e48A\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8981\u5927\u4e8eB\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0Linux\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8d44\u6e90\u6709<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 Users\uff0c\u548c groups<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 uid,euid,suid,fsuid<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 gid,egid,sgid,fsgid,\u8d85\u7ea7\u7ec4<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 POSIX.1e \u6743\u80fd<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3 Quota control<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4 Linux Container<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5 LSM(Linux Security Module)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Linux\u7684\u6743\u80fd\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5355\u4f4d<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5982\uff1aCAP_NET_RAW: \u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528RAW\u548cPACKET Socket<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CAP_SYS_ADMIN: \u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u80fd\uff08mount\uff0csethostname\u7b49\uff09<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE:bind\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u6743\u9650<1024<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0\u6743\u80fd\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 \u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bef\u533a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 \u5fd8\u8bb0\u5207\u6362uid \u4e3a0\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u8981root\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u80fd<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 root \u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 \u53ea\u6709\u7528\u5230root\u6743\u80fd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u5c06\u6743\u9650\u63d0\u5347\u4e3aroot\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 \u5f88\u591a\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u9700\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5207\u6362root<\/p>\n

1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9700\u8981root\u7528\u6237<\/p>\n

2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u53ea\u6709root\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8<\/p>\n

3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u9677\u5165\u6216escape\u7684\u6743\u9650\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6d41\u884c\u7684chroot\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u6a21\u5757\u6ce8\u5165 \u975echroot\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684ptrace()<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u65b0\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4(Namespaces:CLONE_NEW*)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLONE_NEWPID: New pid namespace(2.6.24)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLONE_NEWNET:New network namsespace(2.6.26)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CLONE_NEWIPC,CLONE_NEWUTS,CLONE_NEWNS(2.6.19)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1 RLIMIT_NOFILE:\u4e0d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u53e5\u67c4\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5rename\u6216\u8005unlink<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2 RLIMIT_NPROC: \u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5982\u679c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\uff0cRLIMIT_NPRC\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a(0\uff0c0)\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53e5\u67c4\u53bb\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684socket\u6216\u8005\u6587\u4ef6\u53e5\u67c4\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dumpable\uff08Debuggable\uff09\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Linux\u652f\u6301\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884cdumpable\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u901a\u8fc7PR_SET_DUMPABLE\u6807\u8bb0\u8bbe\u7f6eprctl\uff0c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6267\u884c\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5207\u6362uid\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6ca1\u6709CAP_SYS_PTRACE\u6743\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u80fdptrace\u975edumpable\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6743\u9650\u63d0\u5347\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3dumpable\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

MAC\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5728\u5185\u6838\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eLSM\u94a9\u5b50\u7684\u6709\uff0cSELInux\uff0cSMACK\uff0cTOMOYO<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5185\u6838\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6709\uff1aGRSecuirty, RSBAC, AppArmor<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sandbox \u91c7\u53d6\u6743\u9650\u9650\u5236\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n

Sandbox\u4e0eMAC\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 MAC\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53bb\u5206\u53d1\u5e03\u5546\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5957\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5e93\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sandbox\u5219\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u8981\u8bbe\u5907\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7684\u6743\u9650<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5e38\u89c1\u7684sandbox\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff11\u3000ptrace() sandbox (vsftpd)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 setuid sandbox(chromium)<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SECCOMP sandbox(chromium)<\/p>\n

1 ptrace \u67b6\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

setuid sandbox<\/h2>\n

\u00a0setuid sandbox\u57fa\u4e8eLinux Kernel \u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u5982DAC\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e86uid\/gid +\u00a0 chroot()+capability\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d77\u6765\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u4f20\u7edf\u7684root \u5f88\u96be\u907f\u514d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a1 \u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5220\u9664\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee2 RLIMIT_NOFILE \u4e0d\u591f\u65f6\u7684\u5904\u74063 \u00a0\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0bptrace 4\u963b\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

(\u4e00) Setuid \uff1a<\/h3>\n

\u5229\u7528uid\u7684\u5207\u6362\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6uid\/gid\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6c60\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8d44\u6e90\/etc\/passwd<\/p>\n

2\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u5230\u672a\u7528\u7684uid\/gid.\u7136\u540e\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2auid\/gid<\/p>\n

3\u6267\u884csandbox\u3002<\/p>\n

Linux uid\/gid \u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6743\u9650\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u542f\u52a8\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2arandom uid\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8bbe\u7f6esetuid\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n

Fork() ->setuid()->{\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5982RLMIT_NPROC(0,)}->execve();<\/p>\n

Setuid() \u9700\u8981root\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5177\u6709CAP_SETUID \u6743\u80fd\uff09\u624d\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(\u4e8c) Chroot:<\/h3>\n

chroot \u662f linux kernel \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6267\u884cchroot(\u201c\/tmp\/sandbox\/1\u201d)\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u5207\u6362\u4e3a\u201d\/tmp\/sandbox\/1\u201d\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650\u5219\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

Chroot\u9700\u8981root\u6743\u9650\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5177\u6709CAP_SYS_CHROOT\u6743\u80fd\uff09\u624d\u80fd\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6309\u7167\u524d\u9762\u6267\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5177\u6709root\u6743\u9650\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0bA\u53bb\u6267\u884cchroot\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8c03\u7528setuid\uff0c->..->execve(),\u8fd9\u6837\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aexecve\u6240\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

Chris Evans\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

a)\u00a0A\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0bB\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u4f7f\u7528clone()\u548cCLONE_FS,\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9A\u548cB\u5171\u4eab\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\r\n\r\nb)\u00a0 A \u964d\u6743\u53bb\u6267\u884cexecve(\u201cWorker\u201d)\uff0cB\u7b49\u5f85A\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u6765\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6d88\u606f.\r\n\r\nc)\u00a0\u5f53A\u60f3\u6267\u884cchroot\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u544a\u77e5B\u3002\r\n\r\nd)\u00a0B\u6267\u884cchroot()\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4f1a\u5bf9A\u548cWorker\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6548\r\n\r\ne)\u00a0B\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/pre>\n
\u5bf9A\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5Root\u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u70b9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982confuesed deputy\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
(\u4e09) Linux Capability<\/h3>\n
\u00a0\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3confused deputy\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u8de8\u7ad9\u70b9\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f2a\u9020\uff08CSRF\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
Linux\u652f\u6301Capability\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5219\u662f\u7ec6\u5316root\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u907f\u514dconfused deputy\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u5982ping\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9700\u8981raw_sockets\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981root\u7684\u6743\u9650\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e86Capablity\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u4e2aCAP_NET_RAW\u7684\u6743\u80fd\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u6389\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6743\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u524dkernel\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6743\u80fd\u591a\u592730\u591a\u79cd\u3002\u5728kernel2.6.24\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4e86capability.<\/p>\n
CAP_CHOWN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6743\r\n\r\nCAP_DAC_OVERRIDE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5ffd\u7565\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709DAC\u8bbf\u95ee\u9650\u5236\r\n\r\nCAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5ffd\u7565\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8bfb\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9650\u5236\r\n\r\nCAP_FOWNER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684UID\uff0c\u5c31\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u9650\u5236\r\n\r\nCAP_FSETID\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbe\u7f6esetuid\u4f4d\r\n\r\nCAP_KILL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\r\n\r\nCAP_SETGID\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 6\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u6539\u53d8\u7ec4ID\r\n\r\nCAP_SETUID\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u6539\u53d8\u7528\u6237ID\r\n\r\nCAP_SETPCAP\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8f6c\u79fb\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5220\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bfb\u4efb\u610f\u80fd\u529b\r\n\r\nCAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 9\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539(IMMUTABLE)\u548c\u53ea\u6dfb\u52a0(APPEND-ONLY)\u5c5e\u6027\r\n\r\nCAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 10\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u5c0f\u4e8e1024\u8bfb\u7aef\u53e3\r\n\r\nCAP_NET_BROADCAST\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 11\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u548c\u591a\u64ad\u8bbf\u95ee\r\n\r\nCAP_NET_ADMIN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 12\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u63a5\u53e3\/\u9632\u706b\u5899\u548c\u8def\u7531\u7b49\r\n\r\nCAP_NET_RAW\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 13\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u59cb(raw)\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\r\n\r\nCAP_IPC_LOCK\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a014\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u9501\u5b9a\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\u7247\u6bb5\r\n\r\nCAP_IPC_OWNER\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 15\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5ffd\u7565IPC\u6240\u6709\u6743\u68c0\u67e5\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_MODULE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 16\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u63d2\u5165\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_RAWIO\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 17\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9ioperm\/iopl\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_CHROOT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 18\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528chroot()\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_PTRACE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 19\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u7a0b\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_PACCT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 20\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u914d\u7f6e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bb0\u8d26(process accounting)\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_ADMIN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 21\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u52a0\u8f7d\/\u5378\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u78c1\u76d8\u914d\u989d\uff0c\u5f00\/\u5173\u4ea4\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_BOOT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 22\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_NICE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 23\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u63d0\u5347\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_RESOURCE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 24\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5ffd\u7565\u8d44\u6e90\u9650\u5236\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_TIME\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 25\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u949f\r\n\r\nCAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 26\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u914d\u7f6eTTY\u8bbe\u5907\r\n\r\nCAP_MKNOD\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 27\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528mknod()\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\r\n\r\nCAP_LEASE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 28\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u53d6\u6d88\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u7684\u79df\u501f\u671f\r\n\r\nCAP_AUDIT_WRITE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 29\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\r\n\r\nCAP_AUDIT_CONTROL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 30\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\r\n\r\nCAP_SETFCAP\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 31\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\r\n\r\nCAP_MAC_OVERRIDE\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 32\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\r\n\r\nCAP_MAC_ADMIN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 33\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\r\n\r\nCAP_TRUST_ADMIN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 34\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/\r\n\r\nCAP_ALL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 **\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/All Capability\r\n\r\n0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 **\u00a0\u00a0 \/\/no Capability<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n
Setuid sandbox\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u884c\uff0c\u5728google chromuim \u00a0\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6c99\u7bb1\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aseccomp\u673a\u5236\u4e86\u3002\u5229\u7528ipc\u673a\u5236\u521b\u5efasocket pair<\/p>\n
\n
Seccomp<\/h2>\n
Seccomp \u662f Andrea Arcangeli\u57282005\u5e74\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5219\u662f\u89e3\u51b3 grid computer\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u6253\u7b97\u79df\u501fcpu\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48seccomp<\/p>\n
\u5219\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b89\u5168(SAFE,not SECURE)\u201d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5185\u6838\u4ece2.6.10\u5f00\u59cb\u5f15\u5165seccomp\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u9650\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u4e3aread(),write(),exit(),sigreturn(). \u53ea\u67094\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5176\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4e0d\u80fd\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5b58\uff0c \u4e0d\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u8ba1\u7b97\u578b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u8fd0\u884c\u5728seccomp\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u4fe1\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f53\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4fe1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4fe1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u540e\u65b9\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u53ef\u4fe1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bfb\u53d6\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf9seccomp\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u5229\u7528bitmap\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684mode\uff0c\u6765\u9650\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u6743\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u622a\u83b7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0sandbox\u662f\u4e00\u8d2f\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u662f\u9694\u79bb\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u624d\u80fd\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u5165\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4fbf\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0d\u8c03\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u4e0d\u5207\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9488\u5bf9chromium\u4f7f\u7528\u7684sandbox\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sandbox\u6c99\u7bb1\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u673a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[45,6,5],"tags":[56,63,62],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=363"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":368,"href":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/363\/revisions\/368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=363"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=363"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=363"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}