{"id":584,"date":"2014-10-12T14:42:13","date_gmt":"2014-10-12T14:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/?p=584"},"modified":"2014-10-12T14:43:28","modified_gmt":"2014-10-12T14:43:28","slug":"linux-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86el7-systemd%e7%af%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.selinuxplus.com\/?p=584","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406(EL7)-Systemd\u7bc7"},"content":{"rendered":"

1\u00a0\u6982\u8ff0<\/h1>\n

1.1\u00a0\u529f\u80fd\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

systemd \u662f Linux \u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e SysV \u548c LSB \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u811a\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002systemd \u4f7f\u7528 socket \u548c D-Bus \u6765\u5f00\u542f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6309\u9700\u542f\u52a8\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86 Linux cgroups \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8ffd\u8e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u7167\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6302\u8f7d\u548c\u81ea\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5404\u670d\u52a1\u95f4\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ece\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u524d\u536b\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u3002systemd \u65e0\u9700\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3 sysvinit<\/p>\n

\u5b98\u7f51\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/fedoraproject.org\/wiki\/Systemd\/zh-cn\r\nDocs http:\/\/0pointer.de\/blog\/projects\/systemd-docs.html<\/pre>\n
1.2\u00a0\u5de5\u7a0b\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h2>\n
\u65e0\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u00a0\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa<\/h1>\n
2.1 \u73af\u5883\u8981\u6c42<\/h2>\n
\u57fa\u7840\u7cfb\u7edf EL7\uff0cor centos 7 ...\r\n\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305 systemd<\/pre>\n
2.2\u00a0\u73af\u5883\u642d\u5efa<\/h2>\n
1 systemd\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n
systemctl is-enabled .service #\u67e5\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u52a8\r\nsudo systemctl enable .service #\u5f00\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\u670d\u52a1\r\nsudo systemctl disable .service #\u53d6\u6d88\u5f00\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\r\nsudo systemctl start .service #\u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\r\nsudo systemctl stop .service #\u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52a1\r\nsudo systemctl restart .service #\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\r\nsudo systemctl reload .service #\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\r\nsystemctl status .service #\u67e5\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\r\nsystemctl --failed #\u663e\u793a\u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/pre>\n
2 \u5f00\u673a\u6a21\u5757\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong><\/p>\n
\/etc\/modules-load.d\/.conf\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u539frc.conf\u4e2d\u7684MODULES\u53d8\u91cf\u6a21\u5757\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u4ecd\u5728\/etc\/modprobe.d\/\u4e0b<\/pre>\n
3 \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/strong>
\n\u7b2c 3 \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u7528 multi-user.target \u66ff\u4ee3\u3002\u7b2c 5 \u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u7528 graphical.target \u66ff\u4ee3\u3002runlevel3.target \u548c runlevel5.target \u5206\u522b\u662f\u6307\u5411 multi-user.target \u548c graphical.target \u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5
\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5207\u6362\u5230\u201c\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7 3 \u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n
systemctl isolate multi-user.target (or) systemctl isolate runlevel3.target<\/pre>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7 3 \uff1a<\/p>\n
ln -sf \/lib\/systemd\/system\/multi-user.target \/etc\/systemd\/system\/default.target<\/pre>\n
4 \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/strong><\/p>\n
[root@localhost selinuxplus.com]#\u00a0 systemctl list-units --type=targe\r\nUNIT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0LOAD\u00a0\u00a0 ACTIVE SUB\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 DESCRIPTION\r\nbasic.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Basic System\r\ncryptsetup.target\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Encrypted Volumes\r\ngetty.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Login Prompts\r\ngraphical.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Graphical Interface\r\nlocal-fs-pre.target loaded active active Local File Systems (Pre)\r\nlocal-fs.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Local File Systems\r\nmulti-user.target\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Multi-User System\r\nnetwork.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Network\r\nnfs.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Network File System Server\r\npaths.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Paths\r\nremote-fs.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Remote File Systems\r\nslices.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Slices\r\nsockets.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Sockets\r\nsound.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Sound Card\r\nswap.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Swap\r\nsysinit.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active System Initialization\r\ntimers.target\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 loaded active active Timers<\/pre>\n
2.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u91cc\u9762rootfs.img\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7ed3\u6784 \uff1a<\/p>\n
[root@localhost selinuxplus.com]# cat \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/httpd.service\r\n[Unit]\r\nDescription=The Apache HTTP Server\r\nAfter=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target # \u65b0\u4f9d\u8d56\r\n[Service]\r\nType=notify\r\nEnvironmentFile=\/etc\/sysconfig\/httpd #\u73af\u5883\u6587\u4ef6\r\nExecStart=\/usr\/sbin\/httpd $OPTIONS \u2013DFOREGROUND #\u542f\u52a8\u547d\u4ee4\r\nExecReload=\/usr\/sbin\/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful\r\nExecStop=\/bin\/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID}\r\n# We want systemd to give httpd some time to finish gracefully, but still want\r\n# it to kill httpd after TimeoutStopSec if something went wrong during the\r\n# graceful stop. Normally, Systemd sends SIGTERM signal right after the\r\n# ExecStop, which would kill httpd. We are sending useless SIGCONT here to give\r\n# httpd time to finish.\r\nKillSignal=SIGCONT\r\nPrivateTmp=true\r\n\r\n[Install]\r\nWantedBy=multi-user.targ<\/pre>\n
[unit]<\/strong><\/p>\n
unit\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684(\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aavahi.service unit \u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b Avahi \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u88c5\u5355\u5143. \u3002unit \u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a
\nservice \uff1a\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u548c\u91cd\u8f7d\u662f\u6b64\u7c7b unit \u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002
\nsocket \uff1a\u6b64\u7c7b unit \u5c01\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a socket \u3002\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0csystemd \u652f\u6301\u6d41\u5f0f\u3001\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\u5305\u7684 AF_INET\u3001AF_INET6\u3001AF_UNIX socket \u3002\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 FIFOs \u4f20\u8f93\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a socket unit \u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1 unit \u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u201d\u8fdb\u5165 socket \u6216 FIFO \u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8(\u4f8b\u5982\uff1anscd.socket \u5728\u6709\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u4fbf\u542f\u52a8 nscd.service)\u3002
\ndevice \uff1a\u6b64\u7c7b unit \u5c01\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e Linux \u8bbe\u5907\u6811\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 udev \u89c4\u5219\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728 systemd \u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907 unit \u51fa\u73b0\u3002udev \u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u5907 unit \u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6e90\u3002
\nmount \uff1a\u6b64\u7c7b unit \u5c01\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002
\nautomount \uff1a\u6b64\u7c7b unit \u5c01\u88c5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6302\u8f7d unit \u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6302\u8f7d unit (\u9700\u8981\u5728\u81ea\u6302\u8f7d\u76ee\u5f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c3d\u65e9\u6302\u8f7d)\u3002
\ntarget \uff1a\u6b64\u7c7b unit \u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6 unit \u8fdb\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u7ec4\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4ed6 unit \u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9 unit \u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002(\u4f8b\u5982\uff1amulti-user.target \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528 SysV \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b5)\uff1bbluetooth.target \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u84dd\u7259\u9002\u914d\u5668\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u8c03\u7528\u4e0e\u84dd\u7259\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\uff1abluetooth \u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001obex \u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7b49\uff09<\/p>\n
snapshot \uff1a\u4e0e target unit \u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5feb\u7167\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4ed6 unit \u3002<\/p>\n
[service]<\/strong>
\n\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 service \u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u542f\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 [Service] \u6bb5\u4e2d\u7684 Type= \u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u7f6e
\nType=simple\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09\uff1asystemd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4f1afork\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u8981\u542f\u52a8\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u7c7b\u578b\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u662fsocket\u6fc0\u6d3b\u578b\u3002
\nType=forking\uff1asystemd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0bfork\uff0c\u4e14\u7236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u540e\u670d\u52a1\u542f\u52a8\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08daemon\uff09\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u786e\u5b9a\u6b64\u542f\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u7c7b\u578b\u542f\u52a8\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u542f\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u5e94\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a PIDFile=\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbfsystemd\u80fd\u591f\u8ddf\u8e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002
\nType=oneshot\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u9009\u9879\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53ea\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u968f\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u9000\u51fa\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u8bbe\u7f6e RemainAfterExit=yes \u4f7f\u5f97 systemd \u5728\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9000\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5904\u4e8e\u6fc0\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001\u3002
\nType=notify\uff1a\u4e0e Type=simple \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u7ea6\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u4f1a\u5728\u5c31\u7eea\u540e\u5411 systemd \u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7531 libsystemd-daemon.so \u63d0\u4f9b\u3002
\nType=dbus\uff1a\u82e5\u4ee5\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u7684 BusName \u51fa\u73b0\u5728DBus\u7cfb\u7edf\u603b\u7ebf\u4e0a\u65f6\uff0csystemd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5c31\u7eea\u3002<\/p>\n
2.4 \u5de5\u7a0b\u8c03\u8bd5<\/h2>\n
\u5de5\u7a0b\u8c03\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9700\u8981daemon-reload<\/p>\n
# systemctl daemon-reload\r\n# systemctl restart &lt;\u5355\u5143&gt;<\/pre>\n
2.5 \u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n
1\u3001\u00a0\u542f\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f7f\u7528journalctl \u2013b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u00a0\u6ce8\u610f\u4f7f\u7528service\u7684type\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
2.6 \u5176\u4ed6<\/h2>\n
\u63cf\u8ff0\u9879\u76ee\u7814\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c06\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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